Amyjo Wrote:
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> In Israel being born of a Jewish mother is
> recognized under Halacha Law for purpose of
> emigration there.
Of course--but for purposes of immigration to Israel, if one of a given olim's [olim means: "immigrant"] four grandparents is/was Jewish, they are ALSO recognized, FOR PURPOSES OF IMMIGRATION [only], as a Jew. This was not so in the earliest days of Israel's statehood, but then it was pointed out that the "one of four grandparents" rule had been the Nazi criteria, and--if a person could die for being a Jew during the Holocaust because they had one Jewish grandparent--then it was totally unjust to deny that person Israeli citizenship because they did not fit the Halachic definition of Jewishness.
So you can immigrate as a Jew....but then not be recognized as Jew for purposes of civil law (which, for Jews, is run by the Chief Rabbinate; Muslims and Christians have their own "civil" religious authorities). This means: you may have to "fly to Cyprus" to get married, and your body may be restricted to a specific, designated, location within cemeteries if you are not halachically a Jew.
> But to the Orthodox Jews who rule the Knesset and government
On these kinds of issues, there is a substantial difference between "Orthodox" (which "everybody" is, by default) and ultra-Orthodox in Israel. "Orthodox" simply means the average, everyday, ordinary, Jewish Israeli citizen who may, or may not, be actually Jewishly observant. (Remember: Sephardi Jews actively identify as "Orthodox" regardless of their personal beliefs (such as atheism), or any real level of Jewish observance.)
Unless something amazingly wild has happened in the last elections, ultra-Orthodox Jews" do NOT "rule the Knesset and government." They DO rule the "personal status" areas of civil law when it comes to Jews (but not Christians, Muslims, Druze, Samaritans, Karaites, etc.).
There are also problems associated with ultra-Orthodox Jews when it comes to the universal military draft (especially when it comes to women and men serving together, and most especially women and men serving together in the same military units), but these problems have existed since 1948 (more or less), and on a real life basis, they get worked through (more or less).
The system "works," despite the coughs and hiccups and frustrations which always exist.
Although the Knesset and government are not "ruled" by ultra-Orthodox Jews, frequently, ultra-Orthodox Jews in the Knesset and the government have a disproportionate influence on certain government policies the ultra-Orthodox are especially concerned about (compulsory military service being Number One).
> ....the standard for orthodoxy is to still have a father and mother who are both observant Jewish
Yes, but this is highly nuanced, and it depends largely on what, particular, Orthodox community/group is involved.
In ultra-Orthodox residential areas, it could possibly affect (for example) what public schools a given child is allowed to go to. (Public schools for Orthodox children are allowed to impose their own rules on who is "Orthodox," or sufficiently Orthodox, and who is not.)
Although the system can be maddening, it is also (simultaneously) often fairly "elastic," and how "frum" ["observant"], or how "accepting," it is can come down to the area of residence: living in most of Tel Aviv (liberal, creative, accepting, iconoclastic), and living within a place like Mea Shearim or Bnai Brak (both are ultra-Orthodox enclaves), can be like living on different continents, when it comes to these kinds of issues.
> ....preferably Orthodox, which is the recognized most
> accepted sect in Israel.
Yes, of course, because in Israel, the label "Orthodox" is the default assumption if you are speaking about Judaism only, and you are speaking about legal matters (including civil law pertaining to personal matters like marriage and divorce) only.
Within Israeli Judaism, however, are Jews from the entire Jewish spectrum, from atheists, to American Reform, Reconstructionist, Conservative, Secular Humanism, to all kinds of ethnically and racially disparate Jewish communities (each with their own minhag/"tradition") which come from around the world.
> It does allow immigrants to have a non-Jewish
> spouse however, for those making Aliyah if they
> meet the other requirements for immigration.
Yes, non-Jewish spouses are recognized and accepted for purposes of immigration. Once they have children, however, those laws of "personal status" go into effect, which could potentially affect which school a child is accepted at, etc.
> Those who move there under the Halacha Law of line
> of descent are discriminated once there, from what
> I've been able to glean, if they aren't Orthodox
> or have both parents who are Jewish. It may be
> subtle, but it does exist.
I think I understand what you mean, and I also think you're missing the point. If a given Jew (according to the one-in-four-grandparents rule, OR the maternal descent only rule) arrives in Israel and demands, as is their right, Israeli citizenship under the "Right of Return," that citizenship will be granted, and the "bundle of [economic and daily living-type] benefits" which are given to new immigrants will be delivered to that immigrant.
However, once that new oleh (immigrant) begins LIVING in Israel, and most especially if they have affiliated with another religion (such as Christianity), they may find practical difficulties in daily life because, although they may be legally a Jew, they are not LIVING as a Jew (they are living as a Christian)--so where they live, and how they socialize, and where their children can go to school, can be affected--but this is not substantially different than if that person were Muslim, or Zoroastrian, or Druze.
If a given oleh has used the "Right of Return" to come to Israel, to obtain Israeli citizenship and Israeli benefits, and then devotes their life to attempting to convert Jews to Christianity, that would be perceived by Israelis at large (as well as by Jews worldwide) as a shanda ("shame," this is a fairly serious word among Jews), and there could well be some harsh feelings involving Israelis, and the observation that Israel is "being used," or is being victimized, involved.
I think you are likely concerned about those who claim (and are granted) Israeli citizenship AS JEWS, but who, prior, have actively, knowingly, chosen to NOT be Jews (they have joined another religion, and frequently, they never possessed any intention of living Jewish lives, either where they came from, or in Israel).
There is a feeling that, however legal this may be according to Israeli law, it is unfair--that it is a grifting kind of misrepresentation, fraud, and attempted theft....and that Israel, and the Israeli people, are being "used" (as patsies) when this occurs.
> I also understand Reform recognizes paternal
> descent to establish Jewish parentage for children
> born to Jewish fathers.
True. So far as I am aware, Reform and Secular Jewish Humanism are the only Jewish movements which recognize paternal Jewish descent.
It also needs to be pointed out that the legal process of halachically "converting to Judaism" decisively "cures" a myriad of questions of Jewish status and Jewish legal "defects," not only in Israel, but worldwide.
When disparate Jewish communities (many of them dating from ancient times) want to immigrate to Israel, or alternatively (if they have been isolated) rejoin the global Jewish people, group "conversions" to Judaism are now routine. In 2019, "lost" or "unclear" Jewish legal status can be fairly quickly restored to meet halachic requirements among those who have, for centuries dating back to ancient times, identified as being Jewish.
[Halachic requirements for conversion to Judaism are: circumcision or symbolic circumcision for males, ritual immersion in a halachically compliant mikvah, which could well be that community's river or nearby ocean, and "appearance before a rabbinical court" (which is not anywhere near as daunting as this sounds!) so that three qualified rabbis can sign that person's legal conversion certificate.]
I recently found out about Kulanu (means: "all of us"), an organization in New York which works worldwide to bring back isolated global Jews into twenty-first century Judaism and, in some cases, to Israel (if this is their desire).
https://www.youtube.com/user/kulanuvideohttps://kulanu.org/Personally, I was amazed by the various worldwide ethnic and racial groups who are listed in the "Communities" section--I generally consider myself to be fairly aware on this level, but I was astounded by that list of "lost Jewish" groups worldwide--all of whom identify as Jewish, and actively desire to be reunited with the Jewish people as a whole, now that this is possible. (In many cases, on certain Jewish or local holidays, and dating back to ancient or medieval times, they have been saying specific local prayers asking God to grant their reunification with the Jewish people worldwide. To them, the activities of groups like Kulanu are the LITERAL answer(s) to the countless prayers, through many centuries, of those people.)
Edited 5 time(s). Last edit at 05/24/2019 12:16AM by Tevai.