Just an FYI for those who wish to truly understand Islam: The Koran is not the only source of Islamic Law or rules. In addition to the Koran and of equal importance as a source of Law is the entire Hadith. This is the sayings and doings of the Prophet Muh...
Islam takes "Follow the Prophet" very very seriously, and in fact Muslims are to not only follow him, but also to see as a RULE what he spoke and did. For example, due to his not liking dogs, most believing Muslims will think unfavorably toward dogs.
The Islamic law manual was translated and published into English in 1991, all except a few sections, by a convert to Islam, Nuh Ha Mim Keller. He translated it for his own use so he could readily look up the rules. The book, in English, is titled "Reliance of the Traveller." The biggest omission in it are the laws on slavery, because this new convert to Islam believed slavery laws weren't relevant in the late 20th Century. New converts often see their religion through Rose-colored glasses, and he certainly did. Nevertheless, this is a mostly comprehensive guide to Sunni Islamic Law. You can find a pdf of it online for free.
Some Excerpts:
HOMOSEXUALITY
p17.2 – 3 “The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said:
(1) Kill the one who sodomizes and the one who let it be done to him.
(2) May Allah curse him who does what Lot's people did.
(3) Lesbianism by women is adultery between them.”
This is repeated in 3 other places. There are several lesser hadith stating, "if a man comes upon a man, then they are both adulterers.”
p.278 paragraph p42.0, 42.1, 42.2 A WIFE'S REBELLING AGAINST HER HUSBAND (def: m10.12)
WOMEN WHO ARE DISOBEDIENT:
From the Koran here is the quote of what to do with women who are perceived to be disobedient:
p42.1 Allah Most High says:
"Men are the guardians of women, since Allah has been more generous to one than the other, and
because of what they (men) spend from their wealth. so righteous women will be obedient, and in
absence watchful, for Allah is watchful. And if you fear their intractability, warn them, send them from bed, or hit them.
Note: the original wording is actually Sura 4.34 is “Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made one of them [men] to excel the other [female].” And “4.34 continued “As for those [females] from whom you fear rebellion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart; and scourge (beat) them.”
p42.2 The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said:
(1) "Allah will not look at a woman who is ungrateful to her husband, while unable to do without him."
(2) "When a man calls his wife to his bed and she will not come, and he spends the night angry with
her, the angels, curse her until morning."
(3) "It is not lawful for a woman to fast when her husband is present, save by his leave. Nor to
permit anyone into his house except with his permission."
(4) "Whoever leaves her husband's house (A: without his permission), the angels curse her until she
returns or repents."
(Khalil Nahlawi:) It is a condition for the permissibility of her going out (dis: m 10.3-4) that she take no
measures to enhance her beauty, and that her figure is concealed or altered to a form unlikely to draw
looks from men or attract them., Allah Most High says, "Remain in your homes and do not display your beauty as women did in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance" (Koran 33.33).(al-Durar al-mubaha (y99), 160)
p.209 m2.3 A majority of scholars (n: with the exception of some Hanafis, as at m2.8 below) have been recorded as holding that it is unlawful for women to leave the house with faces unveiled
o8.0 APOSTASY FROM ISLAM (RIDDA)
(O: Leaving Islam is the ugliest form of unbelief (kufr) and the worst. It may come about through
sarcasm, as when someone is told, ``Trim your nails, it is sunna,'' and he replies, ``I would not do it even
if it were,'' as opposed to when some circumstance exists which exonerates him of having committed
apostasy, such as when his tongue runs away with him, or when he is quoting someone, or says it out of
fear.)
o8.1 When a person who has reached puberty and is sane voluntarily apostatizes from Islam, he deserves to be killed.
o8.2 In such a case, it is obligatory for the caliph (A: or his representative) to ask him to repent and return to Islam. If he does, it is accepted from him, but if he refuses, he is immediately killed.
section o8.7 "Acts that entail leaving Islam" including "(7) to deny any verse of the Koran or anything that by scholarly consensus (def: b7) belongs to it, or to add a verse that does not belong to it."
Quran 2:85 So do you believe in part of the Scripture and disbelieve in part? Then what is the recompense for those who do that among you except disgrace in worldly life; and on the Day of Resurrection they will be sent back to the severest of punishment. — Quran 2:85
Quran 4:150-151 They say, "We believe in some and disbelieve in others," and wish to adopt a way in between - Those are the disbelievers, truly. — Quran 4:150-151
[more verses see
https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/65616/can-one-still-be-a-muslim-if-he-she-denies-some-verses-that-he-she-found-outdate ]
r40.0 MUSIC, SONG, AND DANCE, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (p.316)
r40.1 (Ibn Hajar Haytami:) As for the condemnation of musical instruments, flutes, strings, and the like
by the Truthful and Trustworthy (Allah bless him and give him peace), who
``does not speak from personal caprice: it is nothing besides a revelation inspired'' (Koran 53:3-4),
let those who refuse to obey him beware lest calamity strike them, or a painful torment. The Prophet
(Allah bless him and give him peace) said:
(1) ``Allah Mighty and Majestic sent me as a guidance and mercy to believers and commanded me to
do away with musical instruments, flutes, strings, crucifixes, and the affair of the pre-Islamic period of
ignorance.''
(2) ``On the Day of Resurrection, Allah will pour molten lead into the ears of whoever sits listening
to a songstress.''
(3) "Song makes hypocrisy grow in the heart as water does herbage
(4) ``This Community will experience the swallowing up of some people by the earth, metamorphosis
of some into animals, and being rained upon with stones.'' Someone asked, ``When will this be, O
messenger of Allah?'' and he said, ``When songstresses and musical instruments appear and wine is held
to be lawful.''
(5) ``There will be peoples of my Community who will hold fornication, silk, wine, and musical
instruments to be lawful....''
All of this is explicit and compelling textual evidence that musical instruments of all types are
unlawful (Kaff al-ra`a' `an muharramat al-lahw wa al-sama` (y49), 2.269-70).
r40.2 (Nawawi:) It is unlawful to use musical instruments-such as those which drinkers are known for,
like the mandolin, lute, cymbals and flute-or to listen to them. It is permissible to play the tambourine at
weddings, circumcisions, and other times, even if it has bells on its sides. Beating the kuba, a long drum
with a narrow middle, is unlawful (Mughni al-muhtaj ila ma`rifa ma`ani alfaz al-Minhaj (y73)m, 4.429-30).
SINGING UNACCOMPANIED BY MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (p.316)
r40.3 (Ibn Hajar Haytami:) As for listening to singing that is not accompanied by instruments, one
should know that singing or listening to singing is offensive except under the circumstances to be
mentioned in what follow. Some scholars hold that singing is sunna at weddings and the like, and of our
Imams, Ghazali and `Izzi ibn `Abd al-Salam say that it is sunna if it moves one to a noble state of mind
that makes one remember the hereafter. It is clear from this that all poetry which encourages good
deeds, wisdom, noble qualities, abstinence from this-worldly things, or similar pious traits such as urging one to obey Allah, follow the sunna, or shun disobedience, is sunna to write, sing, or listen to, as more than one of our Imams have stated is obvious, since using a means to do good is itself doing good (kaff al-ra`a` ` an muhar-ramat al-lahw wa al-sama` (y49), 2.273).
o9.0 JIHAD p. 245
(O: Jihad means to war against non-Muslims, and is etymologically derived from the word mujahada signifying warfare to establish the religion. And it is the lesser jihad. As for the greater jihad, it is spiritual warfare against the lower self (nafs), which is why the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said as he was returning from jihad. ``We have returned from the lesser jihad to the greater jihad.''
The scriptural basis for jihad, prior to scholarly consensus (def: b7) is such Koranic verses as:
(1) ``Fighting is prescribed for you'' (Koran 2:216);
(2) ``Slay them wherever you find them'' (Koran 4:89);
(3) ``Fight the idolators utterly'' (Koran 9:36);
and such hadiths as the one related by Bukhari and Muslim that the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said: ``I have been commanded to fight people until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and perform the prayer, and pay zakat. If they say it, they have saved their blood and possessions from me, except for the rights of Islam over them. And their final reckoning is with Allah'';
and the hadith reported by Muslim,
``To go forth in the morning or evening to fight in the path of Allah is better than the whole world and everything in it. ''Details concerning jihad are found in the accounts of the military expeditions of the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace), including his own martial forays and those on which he dispatched others. The former consist of the ones he personally attended, some twenty-seven (others say twenty-nine) of them. He fought in eight of them, and killed only one person with his noble hand, Ubayy ibn Khalaf, at the battle of Uhud. On the latter expeditions he sent others to fight, himself remaining at Medina, and these were forty-seven in number.)
THE OBJECTIVES OF JIHAD
o9.8 The caliph (o25) makes war upon Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians (N: provided he has first invited them to enter Islam in faith and practice, and if they will not, then invited them to enter the social order of Islam by paying the non-Muslim poll tax (jizya, def: o11.4)-which is the significance of their paying it, not the money itself-while remaining in their ancestral religions) (O: and the war continues) until they become Muslim or else pay the non-Muslim poll tax (O: in accordance with the word of Allah Most High,
"Fight those who do not believe in Allah and the Last Day and who forbid not what Allah and His messenger have forbidden-who do not practice the religion of truth (Koran 9.29),
THE NON-MUSLIM POLL TAX
o11.4 The minimum non-Muslim poll tax is one dinar (n: 4.235 grams of gold) per person (A: per year). The maximum is whatever both sides agree upon
o14.0 THE PENALTY FOR THEFT (p.251)
O14.1 A person's right hand is amputated, whether he is a Muslim, non-Muslim subject of the Islamic state, or someone who has left Islam, when he:
(a) has reached puberty;
(b) is sane;
(c) is acting voluntarily;
(d) and steals at least a quarter of a dinar (n: 1.058 grams of gold) or goods worth that much.
PROHIBITION ON MAKING PICTURES (drawing, painting, photographing, TV, movies)
p44.1 The Prophet (Allah bless-him and give him peace) said: (1) 'Every maker of pictures will go to the fire, where a being will be set upon him for each picture he made, to torment him in hell."
(2) "Whoever makes an image shall be required (on the Last Day) to breathe a spirit into it, but will
never be able to do so."
(n: Other hadith evidence appears at w50, which discusses legal questions relating to the artistic,
photographic, and televisual depiction of animate life.)
What is the Penalty?
section o8.7 "Acts that entail leaving Islam" including "(7) to deny any verse of the Koran or anything that by scholarly consensus (def: b7) belongs to it, or to add a verse that does not belong to it."
These are times when the ruling derived from a verse is not applicable as there is another text which overrides it. Among such cases are:
• Naskh (abrogation) is when one verse is abrogated by another.
The gradual prohibition of wine abrogated earlier revealed verses. Another example of abrogation are the verses regarding war. It is well known that it was initially forbidden, and the Muslims were commanded to forgive