Posted by:
Tevai
(
)
Date: April 17, 2017 12:40AM
Re: Judaism...
There is an underlying feeling among Jews that those who are engaged in "religious" (which frequently means: religious/Jewishly-political) employment, are (as a matter of justice) due a level of compensation which will allow them to support themselves, their spouses, and their progeny in locally-"decent" fashion.
After the Temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 C.E., there were a number of "local" ways (in other words: not necessarily the "same" way in the Iberian peninsula, as was true at that same time in Eastern Europe) devised to pay those who deserved wages for their work.
When Jews began immigrating to North America, a congregational system was instituted whereby "memberships"-with-
dues served this purpose. [*] (Depending on your family status---individual...or individual plus spouse...or individual plus spouse plus [number of] offspring, each of a certain minimum age...or widow or widower, etc.---there was an agreed-on, set amount to be paid either annually, or quarterly, or monthly; with, for those who were not members, another amount to be paid for "tickets" to once-a-year High Holy Day services, for those who were not actually members of that congregation. If you joined a congregation which owned real estate such as a synagogue building, part of those dues were for a Building Fund...but you can choose a congregation that (instead) rents space for Friday night services, High Holy Days services, etc., and the membership dues for those, non-real-estate-owning, congregations, are RADICALLY reduced because there are no owned real estate costs to be paid.)
P.S. There are, most everywhere, a number of ways to go to High Holy Day services at little or no cost...for example: Hillel services on college and university campuses, and there are other options as well, where High Holy Days services are open to anyone who wants to attend, at no charge.
In addition: every congregation I am aware of offers no-charge, or a very little, "symbolic," charge High Holy Day tickets to those who cannot afford to pay for them.
One way or another, everyone who wants to go to High Holy Day services CAN, regardless of any other "also true."
For members of the congregation, the cost of High Holy Days tickets is included in the annual membership fee, so all of members of the temple get High Holy Days tickets without any additional charge.
In many countries (such as in Europe), all taxpayers (regardless of what religion they are) have to pay a certain percentage, or a set amount, to the government as an annual "religious" tax, and this is distributed in a legally-defined way to each of the religions in that country, so Jews don't have to buy congregational memberships in those countries.
In Israel, ALL synagogues APPROVED BY THE CHIEF RABBINATE (there are two Chief Rabbis: one for Ashkenazi Jews, and one for Sephardi Jews), are free, since all expenses are paid by the Israeli government out of government funds (and, I believe, all approved-by-the-Chief-Rabbinate rabbis are technically employees of the State of Israel).
HOWEVER, if (in Israel) you are Reform, Reconstructionist, Conservative, Jewish Renewal, Secular Humanist Jewish, or any other Jewish movement that is NOT approved by "the" Chief Rabbinate, it is back to American-style, congregational membership mode, because this is the only way to pay the employees of the shul (includes the rabbi, the cantor, office staff if necessary, teachers for that shul's Hebrew school, janitorial staff, etc.), and (if necessary) rent facilities where services can be held. (Some non-Orthodox shuls in Israel are given guest status on sites appropriate for services, such as non-Orthodox yeshivot.)
Since at least 70 C.E. (when the Temple was destroyed) I have never heard of Jewish tithing in any age or era, or anyplace on the planet. Doesn't mean it never happened because it might have, but if so, I never heard of it.
[*] Jews are forbidden by Jewish law to "touch" money on Shabbat or on most of the other Jewish holidays, so the collection plate model, which works for Catholics and Protestants, doesn't work for Jews. If a Jew is not allowed to "touch" money on Shabbat (etc.), then that sum of money has to be paid at another time which is NOT Shabbat (or one of the other, money forbidden, holy days).
Edited 4 time(s). Last edit at 04/17/2017 12:18PM by Tevai.