Besides [|]'s list, there are similar arrangements in parts of Africa and Polynesia. And are those institutions really that different from the old Hebrew practice of giving a widow to her deceased husband's younger brother/s?
There have also been societies that are matriarchal (although probably not as many as Gimbutas and others have suggested) or matrilineal. A lot of anthropologists believe, for example, that the matrilineal nature of Judaism--you're a Jew if and only if your mother was a Jew--reflects a more general matriarchy that existed in Bronze Age Canaan and survived the later development of patriarchy.
I've mentioned this before, but my first exposure to these concepts came from Mormonism. On my ill-starred mission I spent time in a branch that had very old language books from the 50s and 60s that had been thrown out of branches and ward houses because they taught truths that are no longer true. Not caring about the shifting sands of LDS orthodoxy, I memorized such terms as polygamy, polygyny, polyandry, and polyamory as a linguistic game, unaware that there was a reason the ancient missionaries had learned them.
Imagine then my surprise when after my mission, as a grown-ass adult, I read Mormon history and my eyes were opened.