Posted by:
xyz
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Date: May 03, 2012 05:06PM
Which industrial Revolution are we talking about here?
The First Industrial Revolution is considered to have begun around 1750 in Great Britain after the enclosure movement had already taken place, with changes in agricultural production, mechanisation of the textile industries, new iron-production techniques, and the increased use of refined coal. These fueled the transition from an agricultural-based economy to a machine-based manufacturing economy. Developments happened so fast and were so striking that Breat Britain passed stringent emigration laws designed to keep those who knew how to implement new technologies inside the country. By the 1850s, as Britain's wealth enabled it to expand its industrial influence far beyond the limits of the island kingdom to all parts of the world, the Second Industrial Revolution was beginning.
America's First Industrial Revolution took place somewhat later - from 1820 to 1870. Water-power drove the beginning of it, with industry centered in the New England states until after the Civil War, when new inventions in steam-powered engines were used to spread the industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. Inventions and developments in transportation - canals, roads, and highways, then steam locomotives and railroad systems, then steamships and freighters, facilitated movement of raw materials, manufactured goods and the populations necessary for making and consuming them.
By 1870, The Second Industrial Revolution is considered to have moved into full swing with the invention of the Bessemer Converter and the ability to mass produce steel. Other industries in rapid development at this time were chemical industries, petroleum refining and distribution, electrical industries, and, in the early twentieth century, the automotive industry and all that supported it. During this period, war industries also contributed heavily to the revolution with many new inventions.
And where were the Mormons in all this? Nowhere near the technology, and they kept it that way. Palmyra NY is right next to the Erie Canal. Did Joe Smith's family find a way to take advantage of such proximity, considering they were there during the heyday of the canal? Nope. They preferred to go money-digging and swindling.
Next was Kirkland, less than 25 miles from Cleveland, one of the early centers for the expanded iron industry and Great Lakes shipping in the United States. Did Joe Smith and Co. find a way to profit from all the money that was starting to be made in this early big-money city? Nopers. They preferred to print worthless bank notes and create a banking scandal, whilst drinking heavily and having hallucinatory "visions" in their temple.
Next up was Missouri, where the early Mormons, like everyone else on the plains, were buying up land. Lots of land. And when they couldn't buy it they squatted on it and tried to steal it. As well as horning in on the local political establishment. Was there an industrial or technological center anywhere near them? No. Did they succeed? Um, no.
Next was Nauvoo, where the only money to be made was hosting the smaller river traffic between the Des Moines Rapids just downstream (meaning no significant shipping coming upriver from Saint Louis) and small river-ports farther north. Not much Industrial Revolution material there at all.
Once safely ensconced in Utah, the Mormons were so isolationist and protectionist that Brigham Young ordered the railroads to build their terminal in Ogden so they would stay the hell away from Salt Lake City. The Mormons stayed primarily agricultural for the next one hundred years. One might even say that culturally speaking, Mormons were afraid of the Industrial Revolution and resisted most of its developments as long as possible. They were almost, in fact, cultural Luddites in their agricultural-romantic anti-modernist point of view, and to some extent still are.
All of which only makes their claim that the Industrial Revolution was due to the "restoration of the gospel" all the more ridiculous. It was already half over before Mormons even began to grasp the significance of the changes taking place before them. We can even firmly establish the time and place of that realization: 10 May 1869, Promontory, Utah. As proof of the extremity of their self-imposed isolation, one might ask: what great achievements of the First or Second Industrial Revolution were brought about by the direct influence or effort of a Mormon? The answer is easy: none.