Posted by:
Lot's Wife
(
)
Date: September 15, 2016 04:42AM
Brian,
I think your numbers are off. At 1,000 BCE, when Zoroastrianism may have begun, there were a bit more than 100 million people in the world. In 600 CE, near the birth of Islam, there were just over 200 million humans alive. At 1,000 CE, by which time Zoroastrianism was in decline, the total was about 300 million. That makes it hard to believe the Zoroastrian number ever approached 100 million. 10-40 million might be more probable; and it would represent a huge proportion of global humanity through at least the time of Mohammed.
As for today's Zoroastrians, I believe the numbers are somewhere below 200,000. If the number were really in the millions, the community could survive. But the actual numbers are far below that--well below the level that demographers think necessary to sustain the religion and the ethnicity.
That said, you are right to bring them up. Their influence over Judaism and Christianity (and Islam) was immense. If you read through the Old Testament books chronologically, everything seems reasonably stable (Hebrew tradition) until you get to about 600 BCE, after which point things go crazy. The Book of Job has Satan entering the presence of God, bantering with him, and then betting on a human's loyalty. From about the same date the prophets start speaking of a final judgment, the burning of the wicked, a resurrection and a millennium, ideas that had not been present in the Hebrew canon before. And now God lives in fire like the sun and the earth will be perfected as an orb of fire on which the saved will live.
All of these ideas are Zoroastrian. The Book of Job was lifted almost exactly from the Avesta; and the followers of Zarathustra/Zoroaster worshipped a god of fire (Ahura Mazda), believed in a good/evil-heaven/hell dichotomy of the world, looked forward to a final judgment and a resurrection and a millennial or paradisiacal existence. The Jewish ruling elite learned of these ideas when in Babylonian Captivity, where they intermingled with Persian Zoroastrians who were also Babylonian captives. They took the Persian notions and combined them with older Hebrew ideas and myths to produce Exilic Judaism, which accompanied them back to Jerusalem.
You can imagine how hard it was to shove that down the throats of the poorer Jews who had stayed in Palestine and were still worshipping, for the most part, in fertility cults. The result was a cultural war in which the returning elite tried to force everyone to accept their Yahweh cult but did not really succeed. The new Judaism remained an elite religion through Jesus's time as, in fact, Zoroastrianism had probably been even in its homeland of Persia.
But putting that aside, it is clear that without the Zoroastrian influence, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam would look nothing like what we are used to. The Bible itself would have been vastly different.