Posted by:
Brother Of Jerry
(
)
Date: December 26, 2024 09:44PM
As fate would have it, NYTimes just published an article on Jesus' paternity. It's paywalled, so sorry about that. Your local public library may have an e-subscription that you can sign in to if you have a library card. Worth checking. SLC has one.
https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/21/opinion/virgin-birth-jesus.htmlArticle by Nicholas Kristof, interviewing Elaine Pagels.
From the article:
K: Merry Christmas! This is a time when Christianity celebrates miracles and wonder — and “Miracles and Wonder” is the title of your fascinating forthcoming book. It raises questions about the virgin birth of Jesus, even pointing to ancient evidence that Jesus might have been fathered by a Roman soldier, possibly by rape. But before I ask you about that, I want to be respectful of readers who have a deep faith and may be upset by this line of inquiry. How do we follow the historical research without causing offense?
P: I love these stories from the Gospels. The skies opened up when I heard them. They picture human lives drawn into divine mystery: “God in man made manifest,” as one Christmas carol says. But at a certain point I had to ask: What do they mean? What really happened? They are not written simply as history; often they speak in metaphor. We can take them seriously without taking everything literally.
K: So let’s go back to the Nativity. Of the four Gospels, two describe the virgin birth of Jesus, and two don’t mention it. The Gospel of Mark has people of Galilee referring to Jesus as the son of Mary, when the norm was to describe somebody as the son of his father. So did the neighbors growing up with Jesus regard him as fatherless?
P: We don’t know. Mark is the earliest Gospel written; Matthew and Luke are basically just revising it. Mark has no suggestion of a virgin birth. Instead, he says that neighbors called Jesus “son of Mary.” In an intensely patriarchal society, this suggests that Jesus had no father that anyone knew about, even one deceased. Yet even without a partner, Mary has lots of children: In Mark, Jesus has four other brothers and some sisters, with no recognized father and no genealogy.
K: You note that Matthew and Luke both borrowed heavily from Mark’s account but also seem embarrassed by elements of it, including the paternity question. Is your guess that they added the virgin birth to reduce that embarrassment?
P: Yes, but this is not just my guess. When Matthew and Luke set out to revise Mark, each added an elaborate birth story — two stories that differ in almost every detail. Matthew adds a father named Joseph, who, seeing his fiancée pregnant, and not with his child, decides to break the marriage contract. Luke, writing independently, pictures an angel astonishing a young virginal girl, announcing that “the Holy Spirit” is about to make her pregnant.
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Pagels goes on to describe the evidence from early Christian (actually, anti-Christian, trying to cast aspersions on the Jesus story) that Jesus was reputedly fathered by a Roman soldier identified as Panthera. Roman soldiers did indeed father a lot of children, as usually happens with invading armies, and there is some evidence that there was a soldier named Panthera stationed near Nazareth.
Pagels is a well-respected biblical scholar (translation: I've heard of her), so her research is worth a look if you are into that sort of thing.
Edit to Add: The final sentence of the article has a lovely thought:
As the poet Seamus Heaney writes,
“Believe that a further shore
is reachable from here.
Believe in miracles.”
Edited 1 time(s). Last edit at 12/26/2024 09:52PM by Brother Of Jerry.